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There is no single food that is “highest in electrolytes” because potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride have different food sources. Potatoes and legumes are strong for potassium; dairy and fortified alternatives for calcium; seeds, nuts, and legumes for magnesium; and salt or salty foods for sodium and chloride.
Whey has a highly complete essential-amino-acid profile and usually provides more leucine per gram than many plant proteins. Soy is also a complete protein, and blends such as pea plus rice can balance limiting amino acids; total dose still matters.
Fatty fish are among the few naturally concentrated sources of vitamin D. UV-exposed mushrooms can also provide meaningful amounts, while egg yolk and liver contribute smaller amounts. In the United States, fortified milk and some plant beverages and cereals are important because there are relatively few naturally rich everyday foods.
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium. Normal food usually replaces them, while targeted electrolyte fluids become more useful with prolonged heavy sweating or significant losses from vomiting or diarrhea.
Used frying oil can be reused, but not indefinitely. Its useful life depends on temperature, food debris, moisture, the oil itself, and storage. Straining and cool, sealed storage help; foaming, rancid odor, heavy darkening, or abnormal smoking are reasons to discard it.
Industrial trans fat has fallen sharply in the U.S. because partially hydrogenated oils are no longer permitted as a standard food ingredient. Small naturally occurring amounts can still be present in meat and dairy from ruminants, and label rounding can make very small per-serving amounts appear as 0 g.
Partially hydrogenated oil is vegetable oil chemically modified with hydrogen to make it more solid and oxidation-resistant. The partial process creates industrial trans fatty acids. FDA determined PHOs were no longer generally recognized as safe, leading to their removal from most U.S. foods.
Cooking spray contains fat and therefore energy. A zero-calorie line on the label usually reflects a very small declared serving and permitted rounding, not a physical absence of calories. The amount that matters is the amount you actually spray.
There is no single best high-heat oil. Olive oil works well for most home cooking; refined avocado and high-oleic sunflower or canola are useful neutral options for hotter pans and frying. Smoke point matters, but fatty-acid composition, heating time, freshness, and repeated reuse matter too.
Refining removes free fatty acids, odors, pigments, waxes, and other minor components to make an oil more neutral, stable, and consistent. Unrefined oils retain more of the original aroma, color, and minor compounds. Neither category is automatically healthier or better for every cooking method.
Butter and beef tallow are both concentrated fats and contain similar amounts of saturated fat—roughly half their weight in a 100-gram comparison. Neither offers a major advantage if your goal is to lower saturated fat.
Butter has a predictable profile and is high in saturated fat. Margarine is a broad category: a soft spread made mostly from unsaturated vegetable oils can be much lower in saturated fat, while firmer formulas made with more tropical fat may be closer to butter. The modern comparison depends on the actual product, not the reputation of margarine decades ago.