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Nuts are high in calories because they pack a lot of fat into very little water: a 1-ounce serving usually provides about 155–200 calories. That does not make them nutritionally poor; most of their fat is unsaturated, and the same handful also provides protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals.
Nuts are calorie-dense, but that does not mean they automatically cause weight gain. Controlled trials have not found a meaningful increase in body weight when nuts are added to eating patterns; the practical question is how much you eat and what the nuts replace.
Avocado provides about 160 calories per 100 g — roughly three times the calories in an apple or orange by weight. That does not mean avocado automatically causes weight gain; portion size and total energy balance matter.
The green pigment itself is chlorophyll and is not toxic, but greening signals light exposure that can also increase natural potato glycoalkaloids such as α-solanine and α-chaconine.
Finding two small sprouts does not automatically condemn a potato. Look at the whole thing: firm and not green can usually be trimmed; heavily sprouted, green, soft, shriveled or bitter is a throw-it-out potato.
A spoiled egg usually gives itself away with a strong unpleasant odor after cracking. The float test mainly indicates age because the air cell grows over time; it does not certify safety.